Derivatives of diphenylamine and the phenylnaphthylamines as antioxidants and as synergists with dialkyl 3,3{40 -thiodipropionates

ABSTRACT

WHERE R1, R9 and R12 are phenyl or p-tolyl groups and the remaining R&#39;&#39;s, X and Y may be alkyl or various other substituents, are useful antioxidants for lubricating oils or for various polymeric substrates (e.g. polypropylene) especially in combination with a dialkyl thiodipropionate. Typical antioxidants are 4,4&#39;&#39;-bis-(alpha,alpha,p-trimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine made by reacting p,alpha-dimethylstyrene with diphenylamine, and N-(4alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzylphenyl)-1-(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)2 -naphthylamine made by reacting alpha-methylstyrene with Nphenyl-2-naphthylamine. Derivatives of diphenylamine or phenylnaphthylamine of the types

United States Patent Wheeler [54] DERIVATIVES OF DIPHENYLAMINE AND THE PHENYLNAPI-ITHYLAMINES AS ANTIOXIDANTS AND AS SYNERGISTS WITH DIALKYL 3,3- THIODIPROPIONATES [52] U.S. Cl ..260/45.9 R, 252/316, 260/45.7 S, 260/45.85

[51] Int. Cl. ..C08I 45/60 [58] Field of Search ..260/45.75 C, 45.75 N, 45.75 K, 260/45.85, 45.9; 252/33.6

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Primary ExaminerDonald E. Czaja Assistant Examiner-Eugene C. Rzucidlo Altorney-James J. Long [57] ABSTRACT Derivatives of diphenylamine or phenylnaphthylamine of the types l H l R R5 [4 1 May 30, 1972 where R R and R are phenyl or p-tolyl groups and the remaining R's, X and Y may be alkyl or various other substituents, are useful antioxidants for lubricating oils or for various polymeric substrates (e.g. polypropylene) especially in combination with a dialkyl thiodipropionate. Typical antioxidants are 4,4-bis-(a|pha,alpha,p-trimethyl-benzyl)diphenylamine made by reacting p,a1pha-dimethylstyrene with diphenylamine, and N-(4-alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzylphenyl) 1 (alpha,alphadimethylbenzyl) 2 naphthylamine made by reacting alpha-methylstyrene with N- phenyI-Z-naphthylamine.

5 Claims, No Drawings This application is a division of my copending application Ser. No. 540,817, filed Apr. 7, 1966, now US. Pat. No. 3,505,225, issued Apr. 7, 1970.

The chemicals employed in the present invention are claimed as new chemicals in my copending application Ser. No. 787,577, filed Dec. 27, 1968, which is also a division of my above-mentioned parent application.

Substrates disclosed herein stabilized with 4,4- bis(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine (which is outside the class of chemicals defined herein) are claimed in my above-mentioned parent application US. Pat. No. 3,505,225.

Certain highly unsaturated rubbers stabilized with a class of chemicals including certain of the chemicals described herein are claimed in copending application Ser. No. 783,735 (now U.S. Pat. No. 3,533,992, issued Oct. 13, 1970) of Norman K. Sundholm, filed Dec. 13, 1968, which is a division of Sundholm application Ser. No. 540,830 US. Pat. No. 3,452,056, June 24, 1969) filed simultaneously with my above-mentioned parent application.

This invention relates to the use of new antioxidants which are derivatives of diphenylamine and the phenylnaphthylamines, either alone, incombination with each other, or in combination with dialkyl 3,3-thiodipropionates, for the protection of organic materials having relatively low olefinic unsaturation, which are subject to oxidative deterioration, particularly at elevated temperatures. Examples of materials which are subject to oxidative deterioration at elevated temperatures either in the course of their processing or fulfilling their prescribed function and which are protected by the compounds of the invention are alpha-olefin polymers, polyamides, polyesters, polyacetals, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene thermoplastics, and lubricants of the petroleum oil type or of the synthetic type.

The compounds useful in the invention are represented by the formulae I, II, III, IV or V, as follows:

where R is a phenyl or p-tolyl radical R and R are methyl, phenyl or p-tolyl radicals, R is a p-tolyl or neopentyl radical, R is a methyl, phenyl, p-tolyl or 2-phenylisobutyl radical, R is a methyl radical;

R,, R R and R are as defined in formula 1,

R is a methyl, phenyl, p-tolyl or neopentyl radical,

R is a methyl, phenyl, or p-tolyl radical,

X is a methyl, ethyl, sec-alkyl containing from three to ten carbon atoms, alpha, alpha-dimethylbenzyl, alphamethylbenzyl, chlorine, bromine, carboxyl or metal carboxylate radical where the metal is zinc, cadmium, nickel, lead, tin, magnesium, or copper,

Y is a hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, sec-alkyl containing from three to ten carbon atoms, chlorine, or bromine radical;

III

where R is a phenyl or p-tolyl radical, R and R, are methyl, phenyl or p-tolyl radicals, R is a hydrogen, primary, secondary or tertiary alkyl con- 5 taining from one to l0 carbon atoms, or alkoxyl radical containing from one to ten carbon atoms which may be straight chain or branched, I X and Y are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, sec-alkyl containing from three to 10 carbon atoms, chlorine or bromine radilo cals;

IV u R0 rl-r (:J-Rm

where R is a phenyl or p-tolyl radical,

R is a methyl, phenyl, p-tolyl or 2-phenylisobutyl radical, u is eth l W i st p-tolvl te eehei. U V R15 H N R12 J 'Ria .7 Rl where R is a phenyl or p-tolyl radical,

R is a methyl, phenyl or p-tolyl radical, R is a methyl, phenyl, p-tolyl or 2-phenylisobutyl radical, R is a hydrogen, alpha, alpha-dimethylbenzyl, alphamethylbenzhydryl, triphenylmethyl or alpha, alpha, p-trimethyl benzyl radical.

Typical preferred chemicals useful in the invention are as follows:

Type 1: R1 R4 l N l W- 3 V P- R R1 R3 4 R5 Re a. phenyl phenyl phenyl neopentyl methyl methyl b. p-tolyl methyl methyl p-tolyl methyl methyl II: yp RI R,

Rg-JJ- -N JR {a II I R1 2 a 5 R6 R1 X Y 1. phenyl methyl methyl phenyl methyl methyl alpha, hydroalphagen dimethylbenzyl 2. bromo bromo 3. carboxyl hydrogen 4 r. r. nickel carboxylate t. .r my! .t 7. phenyl phenyl phenyl phenyl phenylphenyl 2-hexyl ype II Zr H RP l N Rg R Y it R R R; R X Y l. phenyl methyl methylisopropoxy hydrogen hydrogen 2. phenyl methyl methyl hydrogen 2-octyl hydrogen 3. phenyl phenyl phenyl hydrogen 2-hexyl hydrogen Type IV:

H r-Q-l- R is phenyl and R, and R are methyl.

dimethylbenzyl It has previously been known to employ 4,4-bis(l,l,3,3- tetramethylbutyl)diphenylamineas an antioxidant for rubber.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,943,l l2 to Ivan C. Popoff et al. describes the use of alpha-methylstyrene to reduce the amount of unreacted diphenylamine or monoalkylated diphenylarnine present after alkylating the diphenylamine with a C C olefin.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,543,329 to C. S. Myers describes the stabilization of polyethylene with diphenylarnine. 1

U.S. Pat. No. 2,519,755 to M. F. Gribbins describes the use of i a dialkyl '3,3'-thiodipropionate as a stabilizer for polyethylene.

' U.S. Pat. No. 3,072,603 to C. E. Tholstrup describes the stabilization of poly-alpha-olefins by use of a stabilizer combination consisting of a diester of 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid and a nitrogen-containing compound of the following types:

where R and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms and alkyl radicals having one to 12 carbon atoms.

The synthesis of 4-trityldiphenylamine and 4,4'-ditrityldiphenylamine has been reported by D. Craig, J. Am. Chem Soc. 71, 2250 1949); G. Baum, W. L. Lehn, and C. Tamborski, J. Org. Chem. 29, 1264 (1964) and also disclosed as a rubber antioxidant by A. W. Campbell U.S. Pat. No. l,902,l15 (Mar. 21 1933) and U.S. Pat. No. 1,950,079 (Mar. 6, 1934) although the described structure was incorrect.

As indicated previously, the present derivatives of diphenylamine and phenylnaphthylamines are effective antioxidants for materials of low unsaturation. The materials of low unsaturation include essentially saturated polymers, whether resins or rubbers, such as the alpha-olefin polymers including resinous homopolymers of alpha-olefins (e.g., polyethylene, polypropylene) or the rubbery copolymers of two or more different alpha-olefins (e.g., ethylene-propylene rubber, known as EPM). Also included are resinous or rubbery polymers having a minor amount of unsaturation, such as the alphaolefin polymers which are rubbery terpolymers of two or more different alpha-olefins with at least one non-conjugated diolefin (e. g., rubbery terpolymers of ethylene, propylene, and dicyclopentadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, methylene norbomene, cyclooctadiene, or the like, known as EPDM); these ordinarily contain less than 25 percent of olefinic unsaturation (i.e., less than 25 percent by weight of the diolefin). Similary, the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene polymers (called ABS" thermoplastics) may be employed. These are usually either 1) graft copolymers of styrene and acrylonitrile on a polybutadiene rubber spine or on a butadiene-styrene rubber spine (with or without additional separately prepared styreneacrylonitrile resin), or (2) physical mixtures of styreneacrylonitrile resin with butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber. The olefinic unsaturation (i.e., butadiene content) of such ABS compositions is frequently less than 40 percent. Other polymers useful in the invention include the polyamides (nylon), polyesters (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate or copolymers thereof, notably in the form of fibers or films), acetal resins (polymers or copolymers as described for example in Modern Plastics Encyclopedia, 1966, pp l09-l 13; see also U.S. Pat. No. 3,027,352). The present chemicals are useful also as antioxidants for lubricants, whether essentially natural lubricating oil obtained from petroleum, or synthetic lubricants of the type represented by such ester lubricants as alkyl esters of dicarboxylic acids (for example those in which the alkyl group has six to 18 carbon atoms and the dicarboxylic acid has six to 18 carbon atoms) or fatty acid (e.g., C -C acids) esters of polyols such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, or the like (see Synthetic Lubricants" by Gunderson et al., Reinhold, 1962).

The present antioxidants are effective in the conventional amounts ordinarily used for protecting substrates from oxidation, usually within the range of from 0.01 to 4 percent by weight, based on the weight of the substrate.

The presently employed derivatives of diphenylamine and the phenylnaphthylamines are more efiective than the parent compounds or the known 4,4'-dialkyl-diphenylamines either alone, in combinations, or in combination with dialkyl 3,3- thiodipropionates (in which the alkyl groups typically contain from eight to 20 carbon atoms). The relative proportions of the present chemicals and the dialkyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate are not critical and may be in accordance with conventional practice, usually from 0.01 to 4 percent of the antioxidant chemical and from 4 to 0.01 percent of the dialkyl 3,3

thiodipropionate.

The derivatives of the phenylnaphthylamines are discoloring but are effective high temperature antioxidants, and in synthetic lubricants of the ester type produce less sludge than the parent compounds.

The diphenylamine derivatives are less discoloring than those of prior art and surprisingly in the presence of dialkyl 3,3'-thiodipropionates show no discoloration after thermal agmg.

The compounds of the invention such as shown in Formula I may be prepared by alkylating the appropriate diphenylamine or phenylnaphthylarnine with the appropriate olefin using a suitable acid catalyst such as aluminum chloride, zinc chloride, or acid clay. Where there are two groups of different structure on the diphenylamine nucleus a stepwise alkylation may be carried out. In the compounds which contained a trityl group, triphenyl-methyl chloride may be used as the alkylating agent.

The unsymmetrical diphenylamines may be prepared in two ways:

a. by condensing an appropriately substituted aniline with ochlorobenzoic acid. The carboxyl group may be removed, when desired, by thermal decarboxylation. The final unsymmetrical product may be obtained by reacting with the appropriate alkylating agent using an acid catalyst.

b. by alkylating diphenylamine with a vinyl type olefin (i.e., butene-l, octene-l) and separating the predominant 2-alkyldiphenylamine or 2,2'-dialkyldiphenylarnine. This product may then be reacted with the appropriate alkylating agent using a typical acid catalyst to obtain the final product.

Since vinyl type olefins such as butene-l alkylate preferentially in the ortho position of diphenylamine and vinylidene type olefins such as alpha-methylstyreneand 2,4,4-

trimethylpentene-l alkylate preferentially in the para position of diphenylamine, some of the described compounds can be prepared in one step by alkylating with mixtures of olefins, or by sequential alkylation using first one olefin then the other, without isolation of the intermediate.

Although the alkylation reactions occur primarily as described, in any preparation mixtures of ortho and para isomers as well as mono, di and tri alkylated products occur. Furthermore in alkylations such as the reaction of diphenylamine with octene-l some isomerization of the olefin occurs giving some 2-(alpha-ethylhexyl)diphenylamine as well as the predominant 2-(alpha-methylheptyl(diphenylamine. Since these isomers are difficult to separate, it is a preferred embodiment of the invention to use the reaction mixtures containing primary product and small amounts of the isomeric materials in preparing the antioxidants of the invention.

EXAMPLE I The preparation of 4-(1,1,3,B-tetramethylbutyl)-4-triphenylmethyldiphenylamine.

A mixture of 169 g. of diphenylamine and 30 g. of anhydrous aluminum chloride was heated to 90 C. with stirring. 1 12 g. of diisobutylene was added dropwise over a 1 hour period. An exotherrn occurred and the temperature was maintained at 1 15 C. during the addition. The mixture was heated at 125135 C. for an additional hour, then cooled and poured into water. 400 ml. of benzene was added and the organic layer was separated, washed and dried. The benzene was removed by distillation and the residue product was fractionally distilled under reduced pressure. The fraction boiling at 160-175 C. (0.5mm) was the 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)diphenylamine.

A mixture of 28.1 g. of 4-( l 1 ,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)diphenylamine, 27.9 g. of triphenylmethyl chloride, 500 ml. of acetic acid and 50 ml. of concentrated hydro-chloric acid was heated under reflux. 25 ml. of acetic acid-water mixture was removed by distillation during the first hour, then the mixture was refluxed an additional 2% hours. The reaction mixture was' poured into water and the resulting solid was removed by filtration. The solid was slurried with benzene and heated under reflux, then filtered hot to remove any insoluble material. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness and the crude product (27 g.) recrystallized three times from hexane m.p. 203-205 C.

Analysis Calculated for C H N: C, 89.5; H, 7.84;

Found: C, 89.7; H, 7.86;

EXAMPLE I! The preparation of 4,4-bis(alpha, alpha, p-trimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine.

A mixture of 169 g. of diphenylamine, 25 g. of Montrnorillonite clay (Girdler Catalysts designation KSF/O) previously dried at 120 C. for 16 hours, and 150 ml. of toluene was heated with stirring to 130 C. 220 g. of p,alpha-dimethylstyrene was added over a 1 hour period and the reaction was maintained at 135 C. for 4 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the product-was crystallized from'hexane, m.p. 102-103C.

Analysis Calculated for C H Nz C, 88.7 H, 8.08;

N, 3.23 Found: C, 88.6; H, 7.89;

EXAMPLE 111 The preparation of 2,4,4'-tris(alpha-dimethy1- benzyl)diphenylamine.

A mixture of g. of diphenylamine, 13.3 g. of anhydrous aluminum chloride, and 200 ml. of n-hexane was heated at the reflux temperature with stirring. 206 g. of alpha-methyl styrene was added dropwise during 1% hours, and the mixture was stirred at 80985 C. for 4% hours. The reaction mixture was cooled and poured into water, the organic layer separated and washed three times with water, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The product was vacuum topped to 200 C. (0.5 mm.). Crystallization of the crude product (216 g.) from hexane removed most of the more insoluble 4,4-bis (alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness and the residue product (145 g.

recrystallized twice from isopropanol to obtain 49g, m.p.

1l41 16 C. An analytical sample was prepared by chromatographing 10 g. of the compound on 250 g. of alumina using 20 percent benzene-8O percent hexane as the eluent.

dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine.

To a stirred solution of 40 g. of 4,4-bis(alpha,alphadimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine in 300 ml. of glacial acetic acid was added 32 g. of bromine dissolved in ml. of glacial acetic acid at room temperature. After the addition was complete the mixture was heated at 45 C. for 10 minutes and the product was removed by filtration. The crude dibromo derivative was dissolved in benzene and the solution extracted with dilute sodium hydroxide, then washed with water. The benzene was evaporated and the product was recrystallized from isopropanol to obtain 39 g., m.p. l66167 C Analysis Calculated for C H Br N;

C, 63.9; H, 5.15; N, 2.49; Br, 28.4. C, 63.5; H, 5.20; N, 2.77; Br, 28.1.

EXAMPLE V The preparation of 4,4'-bis(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)-2- carboxydiphenylamine.

187 g. of N-phenylanthranilic acid, prepared according to Org. Syn. Coll. Vol. II, p. 15, was dissolved in 500 ml. of a solution containing 50 g. of potassium hydroxide. The insoluble material was removed by filtration. To the aqueous solution was added an aqueous solution containing 71 g. of zinc Found:

sulfate. The zinc N-phenylanthranilate was separated by filtration and dried.

A mixture of 1 10 g. of zinc N-phenylanthranilate, 30 g. of zinc chloride and 500 ml. of 1,2-dichloroethane was heated under reflux with stirring. 118 g. of alphamethyl styrene was added dropwise over a 20 minute period and the mixture heated under reflux for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and chloroform added. The organic layer was separated and washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, then with water. The solvent was removed by distillation and the product recrystallized from isopropanol to obtain 88 g. of product, m.p. 197l99 C. Further recrystallization gave material which melted 198199 C.

Analysis Calculated for C H NO C, 82.9, H, 6.90; N, 3.12. Found: C, 83.0, H, 7.22; N, 3.32.

EXAMPLE VI EXAMPLE VII The preparation of 2-sec-butyl-4,4-bis(alpha, alphadimethylbenzyD-diphenylamine.

A mixture of 169 g. of diphenylamine, 73 g. of butene-l and 25 g. of Montmorillonite clay (Girdler Catalysts designation KS F/O) was heated for hours at 175 C. in a one liter stirred autoclave. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the residue combined with a second reaction mixture obtained under similar reaction conditions. The crude mixture was purified by fractional distillation under reduced pressure. The fraction boiling at l36l37 C. (1.4 mm) was 2-sec-butyldiphenylamine.

A mixture of 66 g. of 2-sec-butyldiphenylamine, g. of Montmorillonite clay (Girder Catalysts KSF/O), and 30 ml. of toluene was heated with stirring to 130 C. 76.5 g. of alphamethylstyrene was added over a one-half hour period and the reaction temperature was maintained at l30l35 C. for 5 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The viscous residue product was fractionally distilled under reduced pressure. The fraction boiling at 240 C (0.25 mm) was the 2-sec-butyl-4,4'- bis(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine.

Analysis WOO Found:

EXAMPLE VIII The preparation of 4,4 -bis( alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)-2- (alpha-methylheptyl)diphenylamine.

A mixture of 592 g. of diphenylamine, 471 g. of octene-l and 59 g. of Montmon'llonite clay (Girdler Catalysts designation KSF/O), previously dried at 120 C. for 3 hours, was heated at 175 C. for six hours in a 2-liter Magne-Dash autoclave. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the crude product subjected to fractional distillation. The fraction boiling at l50l70 C. (0.2 mm) weighed 395 g. and assayed 85 percent 2-( alpha-methylheptyl )diphenylamine.

A mixture of 56 g. of 2-(alpha-methylheptyl)diphenylamine, 8.5 g. of Montmorillonite clay (Girdler Catalysts designation KSF/O), previously dried at 120 C. for 16 hours, and 50 ml. of toluene was heated to 130 C. with stirring. 52 g. of alpha-methylstyrene was added during a 20 minute period and the stirred mixture was maintained at 130 C. for 4 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the crude product was fractionally distilled under reduced pressure. The fraction distilling at 280 C. (0.5 mm) was the desired product.

Analysis Calculated for C H -,N:

C, 88.2; H, 9.09; N, 2.71. Found: C, 88.2; H, 9.05; N, 3.

EXAMPLE [X The preparation of 2-(alpha-methylpentyl)-4,4'-ditrityldiphenylamine.

A mixture of 25.3 g. of 2-(alpha-methylpentyl)-diphenylamine, 58.5 g. of trityl chloride, 2.5 g. of aluminum chloride and 50 ml. of benzene was heated under reflux for 3% hours. 10 ml. of ethyl ether was added after cooling and the mixture was then poured into water. The aqueous layer was removed and the organic layer was poured into an equal volume of hexane. The resulting precipitate 78 g. was filtered. A pure sample was obtained by chromatography on alumina using benzene as the eluent followed by recrystallization from a 1:1 benzene-isopropanol mixture. The sample was dried under vacuum at 78 C. for 8 hours, m.p. 220.5-22l .5 C.

Analysis Calculated for C H N:

C, 91.2; Found: C, 91.3;

EXAlVlPLE X The preparation of 4-(alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl)-4- isopropoxydiphenylamine.

A mixture of 56.8 g. of isopropoxydiphenylamine, 5 g. of anhydrous aluminum chloride and ml. of n-hexane was heated at the reflux temperature with stirring. 30.7 g. of alphamethylstyrene was added dropwise and after the addition was H, 6.92, N, H 38 N completed the mixture was heated an additional four hours at 7075 C. The reaction mixture was poured into water and benzene was added to facilitate separation. The benzene layer was washed with dilute sodium hydroxide, then water, and dried over sodium sulfate. The benzene was removed by distillation and the crude product was fractionally distilled. 51 g. of product was obtained: b.p. 21 l2 l 6 C. (0.3 mm).

Analysis Calculated for C H NO:

C, 83.4; H, 7.88; N, 4.05. Found: C, 83.1; H, 8.35; N, 4.08.

EXAMPLE-XI The preparation of 2-(alpha-methylheptyl)-4'-(alpha,alphadimethylbenzyl )diphenylamine.

A A mixture of 39.5 g. of 2-(alpha-methylheptyl)-diphenylarnine and 6 g. of Montmorillonite clay (Girdler Catalysts designation KSF/O) was heated to C. and 20 g. of alphamethylstyrene was added over a 10 minute period. The mixture was heated at 120-l 30 C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was diluted with benzene and the catalyst was removed by filtration. The solvent was removed by distillation and the residue product was purified by fractional distillation under reduced pressure. The fraction boiling at 220 C. (0.4 mm) was the desired product.

Analysis Calculated for C l-1 M c, 87.2; H, 9.27; N, 3.51. Found: c. 87.1; H, 9 22; N, 3.82.

EXAMPLE Xll The preparation of 2-(alpha-methylpentyl)-4'-trityldiphenylamine.

A mixture of 846 g. of diphenylamine, 547 g. of hexene-l and 85 g. of Montmorillonite clay (Girdler Catalysts designation KSF/O) was heated in a 1 gallon stirred autoclave for 6 hours at 225 C. The reaction mixture was diluted with toluene and the catalyst removed by filtration. The solvent and excess hexene-l were removed by distillation and the crude product was purified by fractional distillation through a 10 inch column packed with Berl saddles. The fraction boiling at l l7l2l C. (0.1 mm) was Z-(alpha-methylpentyl)diphenylamine.

A mixture of 50.6 g. of 2-(alpha-methylpentyl)-diphenylarnine, 27.9 g. of trityl chloride, 5 g. of anhydrous aluminum chloride and ml. of benzene was heated at the reflux temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into water and the organic layer separated and washed four times with water. The solvent was removed by distillation and the unreacted starting material removed by distillation under reduced pressure, b.p. 123 C. (0.3 mm). The residue product was chromatographed on alumina using 20 percent benzene- 80 percent hexane as the eluent. The product thus obtained was recrystallized twice from hexane to obtain the desired product: m.p. 677l C.

The preparation of N-(4-alpha,alpha-dimethyl-benzylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine.

A mixture of 219 g. of N-phenyl-l-naphthylamine, 25 g. of Montmorillonite clay (Girdler Catalysts designation KSF/O) and 300 ml. of toluene was heated to the reflux temperature and 100 ml. of toluene was distilled from the mixture. The reaction mixture was maintained at 130 C. and 260 g. of alpha-methylstyrene was added dropwise over a l hour period. The mixture was heated an additional 4 hours at 135 C. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the product vacuum topped to 200 C. (1.0 mm). The crude product was purified by chromatography on alumina using benzene-hexane mixtures as the eluent, followed by two recrystallizations from hexane. The pure product after drying under vacuum at 78 C. for 6 hours melted at 9 l .592.5 C.

Analysis Calculated for C l-I N:

- C, 89.0; H, 6.87, N, 4.15. Found: C, 89.0; H, 7.06; N, 4.04

EXAMPLE XIV The preparation of N-(4-alpha,alpha-dimethyl-benzylphenyl)- l alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl )-2-naphthyl-arnine.

A mixture of 219 g. of N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, 30 g. of anhydrous aluminum chlorida, and 250 ml. of benzene was heated with stirring to 7075 C. 260 g. of alpha-methylstyrene was added dropwise during a l hour period and the reaction mixture was maintained at 7085 C. for 4 hours. The mixture was poured into water, more benzene was added and the benzene solution was washed twice with water. The benzene was removed by distillation and the crude product vacuum topped at 200 C. (0.4 mm). 394 g. of residue product was obtained. A pure product (mp. 121 .5l22.0 C.) was obtained by two recrystallizations from a benzene-hexane mixture.

Analysis Calculated for C H N:

C, 89.6; H, 7.30; N, 3.08; M01 Wt. 456. Found: C, 89.8; H, 7.49; N, 3.12;

Mol Wt. 471.

EXAMPLE XV The preparation of N-(4-alpha,alpha-dimethyl-benzylphenyl)-2-naphthylamine.

A mixture of 110 g. of N-phenyl-Z-naphthylamine, 12.5 g. of Montmorillonite clay (Girdler Catalysts designation KSF/O) and 150 ml. of toluene was heated at the reflux temperature with stirring. Water was removed from the catalyst by azeotropic distillation along with 100 ml. of toluene. 65 g. of alpha-methylstyrene was added drop-wise over a one-half hour period and the reaction mixture was maintained at 100 C. for 2 hours. The catalyst was removed by filtration and the solvent removed by distillation. The product was crystallized from hexane and after two recrystallizations from hexane melted at 92.092.5 C.

Analysis Calculated for C l-I N:

Found:

EXAMPLE XVI In this example the compounds of the invention were tested as stabilizers for polyacetal resins against thermal degradation. The solid stabilizers were incorporated into unstabilized acetal copolymer resin based on trioxane (Celcon CKX- 205", see Modern Plastics Encyclopedia, 199, page 111, or US. Pat. No. 3,027,352), by dry blending for 5 minutes using a Waring Blender. Liquid stabilizers were incorporated by dissolving in a suitable solvent, slurrying with the resin and steaming under vacuum to remove the solvent. Five grams of the powdered resin containing 0.5 percent by weight of the stabilizer was placed in an open aluminum cup and exposed in a 230 C. oven for 45 minutes, and the loss in weight of the polymer was determined. 7

EXAMPLE XVII This example demonstrates the usefulness of the compounds of the invention as processing stabilizers for terpolymers composed of ethylene, propylene, and a small amount of a non-conjugated diene.

Two percent by weight of the stabilizer was incorporated into unstabilized rubbery terpolymer, containing for example about 62 percent ethylene, 33 percent propylene and 5 percent dicyclopentadiene, on a mill at F. and the mixture subjected to milling at 300 F. After various milling times the Mooney viscosity (ML-4 at 212 F.) of the polymer was measured. A rise in viscosity is indicative of degenerative crosslinking of the polymer due to heat and mechanical shearing.

This example demonstrates the usefulness of the compounds of the invention as stabilizers for synthetic lubricants of the ester type.

To 300 m1. of a synthetic lubricant, namely, di( 2-ethylhyexyl)sebacate (Plexol 201-1"), is added 5.40 g. (2 percent by weight) of the antioxidant. The mixture is warmed and agitated to facilitate solution. When a homogeneous solution is obtained a 15 ml. sample is withdrawn and the neutralization value (ASTM D974-58T) is determined. The Saybolt viscosity is determined on a standard Saybolt viscometer. A 250 ml. sample is placed in a 750 ml. test tube with an open end formed as a ground glass joint. A copper washer and iron washer are polished with fine emery cloth, washed with acetone and placed on an air delivery tube having a lip to support the washers 6 mm from the lower end of the tube which is beveled to allow free air flow. The air tube and washers are inserted in the test tube containing the oil sample to which an Allihn type ground glass joint condenser is connected. The assembly is placed in the well of an aluminum heating block maintained at 400 F. The flow of cooling water is started through the condenser and a source of clean dry air is connected to the air tube and allowed to flow uninterrupted for 72 hours at a rate of 12.5 liters/hour.

At the end of 72 hours the oil is allowed to come to room .4.

temperature and the oil loss determined. The oil sample is filf tered, and the Saybolt viscosity, neutralization value (ASTM dimezhyl- D 974-58T) and the amount of sludge are determined. benzyl l p y w- 30 hi white TABLE III Viscosity at 210 F.

Saybolt universal Neutralization seconds number Oilglfgss er flhours 72 hours Ohours 72 hours 72 hours Sludge 1 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-4-trityldiphenylamlne as 40.6 0.22 11. 2 3. a Light. 7 (2) 2-(alpha-methylheptyl)-4 4'-bis(alpha, a lgha-dimethylbenzyl)dlphenylamiue. 38 41.0 23.3 3.6 Do. (3) 2-(alphamethylheptyD-4 -(alpha,alpha methylbenzyhdiphenylamine 38 39.5 0.16 22.6 6.9 Do. (4) N-(4-alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzylphenyl)-l-napl1thyl&mine 38 39.6 0.44 12.5 6.1 Medium. (5) N-(4-alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzylphenyl)2napl1thy1amlne 38 39.8 0.49 16. 2 5. 2 Heavy. (6) N-( t-alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzylphenyl)-l-alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyD-Z- 38 39.8 0.29 14.0 5.2 Do.

naphthylamine. Control 38 43.2 0.25 32.2 5.2 Trace.

EXAMPLE XIX l ry 3,

thlodxpropronate (0.4%) This example demonstrates the usefulness of the com- 31%; 4 tetrame y uty pounds of the invention as stabilizers for polyethylene. D mtyldiphenylamine (01%) 48 white yellow The stabilizers (0.1 percent by weight) were milled mto una stabilized polyethylene ("DYNl-l) at 310 F. -for 5-7 minutes. hiq ipr p n The polymer was then extruded into plates, 75 millimeters g z g gjg 1 thick. The plates were aged at 375 F. and the time to resinifip p cation determined. dirnethylbenZyDdiphenyIamine- Z-carboxylate (0. l%) 62 off-white off-white TABLE [V dilauryl 3,3-

thiodipropionate (0.4%)

. Minutes to c Compound Resinifieation (375 F.)

. 1. Control (unstabrhzed) I20 P o A 2. 4-( 1 ,l ,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) 4"mpi'enylmethyld'plienyiamme Table VI isa further illustration of the synergism between 3. 2,4,4'-trls( alpha,alpha-dlmethylbenzyhdi hen lamine 130 the dlphenylamme derivatives of the invention and dilauryl 4o If,3'-thiodipropionate.

EXAMPLE XX TABLE VI This example demonstrates the usefulness of the compounds of the invention as stabilizers for polypropylene in combination with dilauryl thiodipropionate. The stabilizers 5 532 I it, I C 1 were inco rated into the 1 r0 lene unstabilized Profax 65$) by first milling tz resi ri at 343 F. for several Compound aoqcF' Color Break minutes, then adding the stabilizers to the polymer. The a a I milling was continued for 8-10 minutes. The polymer was u m then molded into plates 90 millimeters thick. Three plates of thiodipro ionate (14%) 20 While Off-While each sample of stabilized polymer were aged at 300 F. in a i i g s circulating air oven. The break point was defined as the first p p sign of embrittlement or crumbling in two out of the three dimethylpieces 'benzyl)diphenylamine(0.l%) 4: white white dilauryl 3,3- Table V illustrates the synergism obta ned with diphen thiodipmpionam (04%) ylam ne derivatives of the nvention with dilauryl 3,3 (3) thiodipropionate both in stabilization and color and indicates i pha. lph

- i dimethylbenzyD-2- their superiority over chemicals of prior V W V came 'ydiphenylamine (0.1%) 41 yellow yellow dilauryl 3,3- TABLE v thiodipropionate (4) 4-( alpha,alpha- Days to dimethylbenzyl)-4'- Break Initial Color at '65 "P Compound (cone) at 300F. Color Break 39 (11%) mange 1 aury thiodipropionat'e (0.4%)

(l) 4,4-bis( l.l,3,3 tetramethylbutyl)diphenylamine* (0.3%) 2 white yellow (2) dilauryl 3,3

thiodipropionate (0.4%) 10 white white Table V11 illustrates the effectiveness of the phenyl- (3) E naphthylamine derivatives of the invention as stabilizers for tetrarne y utyl)diphenylamine (0.1%) 20 white white f fi f with dll'fmryl dnauryi 33'. thiodipropionate and their superiority over chemicals of prior thiodipropioriate (0.4%) art.

TABLE v11 Days to Cone. break Initial Color at Compound percent at 300 F. color break (1) Nphenyll-naphthylamine i ghtlfte Yellaw.n

. U. t. ar 8 DW- (2) N-phenyl2-naphthylamine O{i-white Iigello nn n ark 'e ow. (3) N-(ialpha, alpha-dimethylbenzylphenyl)-1-naphthyl- (8.1; 12 Tan. 3 amine. .3 9 Tan. (4) N-(4alpha, alpha-dimethylbenxylphenyl)-2-naphthy1- I: L M v k gain. amine. i In 8H. (5) N-(4-alpha, alpha-dimethyl benzylphenyl)-1-naphthyl- (0.1) 32 w itefinn Off-white.

amine dilauryl 3,3-thl0dipropi0nate. (0. 4) (6) N-phcnyl l-naphthylamine" dilauryl 3,3-thiodiproplo- 12 d0 White.

ate. (7) N-phcnyl-2naphthylamine* dilauryl 3,3-' thiodipropio- 16 Ofl-whlte Ofi-white.

nate. (8) N-(4alpha,alpha-dimethylbenxylphenyl)-2-naphthyl- (0.1) 24 White Do.

amine dilauryl 3,3-thiodipropionate. (0.4)

Prior art. 7 h

EXAMPLE XXI (3) methylene bis-(4-meth l-6- nonyl)phenol (Naugaw ite") (0.25%) 75 This example demonstrates the usefulness of the coml ljy ,3- pounds of the invention in combination with dilauryl 3,3'- th'w'p-mpwnate (070%) thiodipropionate as thermal stabilizers for acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene thermoplastics.

A 91.1 percent dispersion of a commercial ASB ther- Having thus described my mvention, whatl claim and desire moplastic was made with chloroform as the dispersing agent. 25 to f i by haters f bs h The ABS used in all studies contains approximately 56.5 perf zl g f g esserlm y o a F cent styrene, 23.5 percent acrylonitrile, and 20.0 percent bua p e m onfopo Y cimtammg mate admixture, as the sole disubstltuted diphenylamme antadlene prepared by the method of Chllders and Flsk tioxidant astabilizin amount of a chemical of the formula' Pat. No. 2,820,773. Antioxidants were dissolved in g chloroform and the proper amount added to the ABS homogeneous dispersion.

R1 R4 Films were prepared on salt plates by evaporation of smears A of the dispersions. The films were aged at 400 F. in a circulat- "2" 1 ing air oven and the infrared spectrum examined at specified R6 time intervals. The optical density of the 5.85 p. carbonyl band was plotted against time in minutes. The oxidative life of the polymer containing the antioxidants was defined by a large increase in the slope of the plot. Table Vlll illustrates the effec- 25 h l l l d a] tiveness of the chemical combinations when compared to a 1 p my 0! P y I8 6 commercial phenolic system. 40 2 and a are y p y or py radicals.

' R is a p-tolyl or neopentyl radical,

TABLE vm R isda methyl, phenyl, p-tolyl or 2-phenylisobutyl radical,

an ifgf :68; R is a methyl radical. ['3 l Compound by weight (Minues) 3 :i. ;i::$lp:;;:::t:s in claim 1 further containing a dialkyl I 3. A composition as in claim 1 in which the said alpha-olefin l g gzgizg g 'gii homopolymer is polyethylene.

gilmethlylgignzyl)diphenylamine (0.5%) 135 hot-1A Cfmposrtronl as in cllaim l in which the said alpha-olefin i aury opo ymer 18 p0 ypropy ene. (2t)hi0(dllp{%pg0;13tle [h lb ty 4 5. A composition as in claim 1 in which the said stabilizing -,,.-erameyu tmyldiphenylamine (05%) so chemical is 4,4 -b1s(alpha,alpha, p-trimethylbenzyl)diphendilauryl 3.3'- ylamme. thiodipropionate (0.5%) 

2. A composition as in claim 1 further containing a dialkyl 3, 3''-thiodipropionate.
 3. A composition as in claim 1 in which the said alpha-olefin homopolymer is polyethylene.
 4. A composition as in claim 1 in which the said alpha-olefin homopolymer is polypropylene.
 5. A composition as in claim 1 in which the said stabilizing chemical is 4,4''-bis(alpha,alpha, p-trimethylbenzyl)diphenylamine. 